Climate change and its Influence on the right to water in Mexico

Abstract

Climate change in Mexico significantly and multifacetedly affects the human right to water, altering its quality, availability, and distribution. Prolonged droughts, decreased precipitation, and reduced river and aquifer flows are increasingly frequent phenomena that compromise the availability of this vital resource. The growing vulnerability of water resources to extreme climate events, such as droughts and floods, not only directly impacts the quantity and quality of water but also puts the basic rights of entire communities at risk, intensifying inequality and water insecurity. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the effects of climate change on the availability and quality of water in Mexico, as well as to propose adaptation mechanisms to mitigate these adverse effects. The need for greater training and regulatory adaptation is highlighted to ensure the effectiveness of these measures. The methodology employed includes a detailed review of scientific and legal literature, a critical analysis of current public policies, and specific case studies in various regions of the country. Additionally, the implementation of green contracting is examined, an approach that incorporates environmental criteria into public procurement processes, promoting sustainable practices in the use of water resources. The results reveal that green contracting can be an effective mechanism to protect the right to water by fostering resilient and sustainable practices in the face of the challenges posed by climate change.