Cytotoxic Effects of an Ascorbic Acid–Modified Orthodontic Wax on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cultures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62407/vdt7w033Keywords:
Orthodontic wax, ascorbic acid, cytotoxicity tests, biocompatibility, cell survival, lacerationsAbstract
Introduction: The incorporation of bioactive compounds into dental materials requires the evaluation of their cellular biocompatibility. In this study, an orthodontic prescription wax was modified by incorporating ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and its cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts of mesenchymal origin (hGFs) were evaluated in vitro. Materials and Methods: A mixture containing vitamin C was prepared from crushed effervescent tablets combined with orthodontic wax, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent to achieve dissolution. hGFs were cultured and exposed to different dilutions of the wax–vitamin C stock solution (0–1 g/mL). Cell viability was determined using an MTT assay. Results: The highest ascorbic acid concentration tested induced complete fibroblast cell death. At intermediate and low concentrations, cells survived and exhibited normal morphology, indicating reduced cytotoxicity with decreasing dosage. The concentration considered optimal, with minimal cytotoxic effect, was approximately 0.0078 g/mL, at which the highest number of viable cells was observed. Conclusions: Orthodontic wax enriched with vitamin C did not exhibit cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner, and the safe concentration was determined to be ≤ 0.0078 g/mL. These findings suggest the potential for incorporating vitamin C at appropriate doses into orthodontic biomaterials to leverage its therapeutic properties.
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