Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA
type: channel
description: The Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture (iyA) is an annual electronic publication produced by the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture at the American University UAM. The journal aims to disseminate articles, essays, and projects resulting from high-quality and original research and academic work. The publication of the journal aims to serve as a platform for dialogue and exchange of knowledge among professionals, students, professors, and society at large, who are engaged in research activities. In this way, it contributes to the dissemination of findings and innovations that promote scientific development in the fields of engineering, architecture, and all areas of knowledge and disciplinary lines that make up the corpus of Engineering in Information Systems, Industrial, Civil, Architecture, Urban Planning, and Environment.
publisher: Universidad Americana
language: en
publication name: Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA
issn: 2959-9962
items: An alternative to informal commerce: Construction of the "Cholutequita" Metropolitan Shopping Center in León, Nicaragua
items: Editorial letter, issue 4
items: Design of a low-cost semi-automatic labeling machine for family farming operations in northwestern Argentina
items: Digital photography contest: "Housing and Public Space in the city of Managua, Nicaragua"
items: Use of recycled concrete as a granular aggregate in the production of prefabricated elements
items: Use of recycled plastic as a replacement for natural aggregate in pervious concrete
items: Use of pumice stone to elaborate ultra-lightweight concrete with controlled low strength
items: Evaluation of the pozzolanic activity index of glass powder in mortars
items: Evaluation of the Properties of Concrete Containing Pumice as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate
items: Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of hydraulic concrete mixtures, using sugarcane molasses as a retarding additive
items: Editorial Note of issue 3
items: Unlocking Value: How Analytics and Big Data Strengthen the Supply Chain
items: Effect of the Viscosity of Nopal Mucilage and Brown Algae Extract on the Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel
items: Influence of a Rocky Soil on the Seismic Performance Level of a Steel Structure Considering the National Construction Code and the Seismic Design Code for the City of Managua
items: Thinking about Architecture from its Three Levels of Analysis and Formation: The Constructive, the Social (Urban), and the Aesthetic (Design)
items: The City of Granada, in the Province of Nicaragua, in the 18th Century, According to the Apostolic Visit of Morel de Santa Cruz.
items: Rural development strategy to transform a forest village into an ecotourism destination. The road signage experience in San José de Cusmapa, Nicaragua
items: City and Music: how the Music Scene influences the City
items: Steps towards a democratic urban planning for San Salvador Metropolitan Area, El Salvador
items: The figurative procedure, a resource that introduces the student to the solution of the form, analyzed from the academic results
items: Comparison of the Repetition, Magnitude, and Persistence curve of a hydrometeorological station with the global climatic database from WorldClim
items: Analytical models for the in-plane shear behavior of confined masonry walls with aspect ratios greater than one subjected to lateral loads
items: Inventory of the Urban Green Spaces Subsystem in the City of Managua, Nicaragua
items: Implementation of a basic architectural design methodology in the initial stage of the architecture student learning process at “Universidad Americana - UAM”, 2021-2022.
items: La abstracción como un instrumento del método de diseño para definir al objeto arquitectónico durante la etapa inicial del proceso de aprendizaje y enseñanza del estudiante de arquitectura
items: Importance of multiple intelligences in learners: A proposal for the identification of Nicaraguan models according to Gardner’s parameters
items: Environmental sensitivity indexes to oil (hydrocarbon) spills at sea, Central Pacific of Costa Rica
items: https://portalderevistas.uam.edu.ni/index.php/iyA/en/article/view/31

An alternative to informal commerce: Construction of the "Cholutequita" Metropolitan Shopping Center in León, Nicaragua
type: item
description: The project aimed to contribute to the revitalization of the Historic Center of León in Nicaragua, by constructing a commercial building to accommodate informal traders located in the area known as “Cholutequita.” The results obtained were as follows: The conditions of informal vendors located in the city's central zone have notably improved since the construction of the Metropolitan Shopping Center. The population of the city of León has benefited from the construction of a shopping center that provides excellent conditions for its use. The consolidation of the Historic Center of León has been supported by a building adapted to the city's physical and typological conditions. The construction of the "Cholutequita" Metropolitan Shopping Center in the city of León, Nicaragua, was promoted by the initiative of the Informal Market Traders Association COMETRO, the León Municipal Mayor's Office (AML), and the Heritage for Development Program - AECID, which restructured part of the informal commerce in the central area of León through this project. All construction works were executed by students and instructors from the León Workshop School (AML-AECID) and designed and supervised by the Technical Office for Conservation of the Historic Center of León (AML-AECID).
subject: Project Review
  topic: section
subject: Historic Center
  topic: keywords
subject: Revitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Informal Market
  topic: keywords
subject: León-Nicaragua
  topic: keywords
creator: Francisco Javier Velasco Gutiérrez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/rpsg2449

Editorial letter, issue 4
type: item
description: This edition of the Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture (Issue 04) consolidates as a reference for applied research and sustainability. The articles comprising this volume converge on a central theme: the optimization of processes and materials to address modern construction challenges through the scientific rigor of the Civil Engineering Laboratory.Under a circular economy approach, critical research on the utilization of local resources and waste valorization is presented. Standout studies include pumice (pumita) as an aggregate in structural and ultra-lightweight concretes, pozzolanic activation of recycled glass using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to reduce the carbon footprint, and the use of sugarcane molasses as a natural retarding admixture. Advances are also documented in managing precast debris and plastic waste in pervious concretes, balancing mechanical strength and urban resilience.The project section extends beyond the laboratory to tackle socio-economic issues. It highlights the revitalization of León’s Historic Center with the “Cholutequita” Metropolitan Shopping Center, a social architecture model that dignifies informal commerce. In technology transfer, a low-cost 3D-printed labeler for family farming in Argentina is presented, optimizing the local value chain.Finally, this issue celebrates the aesthetic gaze through the I Digital Photography Contest: “Housing and Public Space” and, above all, showcases the investigative strength of the Research Seedbeds, led by Dr. Eddisson Hernández. This research endeavor reaffirms our faculty’s commitment to training professionals who transform technical challenges into sustainable innovations for society.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Material Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Circular Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Research Seedbeds
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Urban Impact
  topic: keywords
creator: Napoleón Guerrero Flores
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: i
ending page: vi
doi: 10.62407/5k4e2355

Design of a low-cost semi-automatic labeling machine for family farming operations in northwestern Argentina
type: item
description: This article aims to reduce costs in the design of a semi-automatic labeling machine for cylindrical food-preserve containers. The use of accessible emerging technologies is proposed in order to optimize labor, time, and financial resources. The relevance of the project lies in the fact that, in northwestern Argentina, the productive matrix is composed of approximately 60% family-based farming operations, many of which do not label their products due to the high costs in time, money, and labor associated with aesthetic finishing tasks when compared to other, more urgent needs. This situation results in their inability to join the value chain and the formal market, as well as the loss of all the benefits that product labeling provides from a marketing perspective. The project proposes reducing costs by up to 50% of the average price of semi-automatic labeling machines through the design of 3D-printed mechanical components, supported by corresponding structural calculations to verify their reliability for this application. In addition, the incorporation of new functionalities into existing semi-automatic labeling machines available on the market is proposed by programming a human–machine dialogue interface. This interface, implemented using a Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller, would allow the automatic adjustment of specific operational parameters.
subject: Project Review
  topic: section
subject: Labeling machine
  topic: keywords
subject: Family farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Small-scale industrialization
  topic: keywords
subject: 3D printing
  topic: keywords
subject: Automation
  topic: keywords
creator: Alejo Martín Chanampe
creator: Agustín Ramiro Chumbita Chumbita
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alejo Martín Chanampe , Agustín Ramiro Chumbita Chumbita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/ear4te52

Digital photography contest: "Housing and Public Space in the city of Managua, Nicaragua"
type: item
description: In the second semester of 2024, the first DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY CONTEST "Housing and Public Space in the city of Managua, Nicaragua" was held, within the framework of the commemoration of the 60th anniversary of architectural education in Nicaragua and World Architecture and Habitat Days. This activity was organized by Architect Reynalicia Rothschuh Dávila, under the coordination of the Architecture program of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture at the American University, and had the support of the Faculty of Marketing, Design and Communication Sciences and the Embassy of the Argentine Republic in Nicaragua.
subject: News
  topic: section
subject: digital photography contest
  topic: keywords
subject: architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: urban housing
  topic: keywords
subject: social housing
  topic: keywords
subject: open public space
  topic: keywords
creator: Reynalicia Rothschuh Dávila
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/nbvspx85

Use of recycled concrete as a granular aggregate in the production of prefabricated elements
type: item
description: The construction sector generates large volumes of concrete waste, including prefabricated elements that result from products discarded due to deterioration during handling or failure to comply with technical manufacturing standards. In order to contribute to mitigating the negative effects on the environment caused by the dumping of construction waste and debris, the technical feasibility of using granular material obtained from the crushing of precast concrete elements, such as blocks and paving stones, as fine aggregate in the manufacture of new precast elements was evaluated. The physical properties of the recycled fine aggregate were determined, and concrete mixtures were prepared, with partial replacement of the conventional aggregate by recycled fine aggregate. The results indicate that in mixtures containing recycled aggregate, compressive strength is reduced by up to 15 % compared to mixtures containing conventional aggregate at 14 days of age.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Recycled aggregate
  topic: keywords
subject: precast concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: compressive strength
  topic: keywords
subject: construction waste
  topic: keywords
creator: Adrián Antonio Díaz Martínez
creator: Eddisson Francisco Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adrián Antonio Díaz Martínez, Eddisson Francisco Hernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/1g7h7m06

Use of recycled plastic as a replacement for natural aggregate in pervious concrete
type: item
description: This paper presents the results of using recycled plastic in permeable concrete production (target strength: 140 kg/cm²). Test specimens with recycled plastic replacing 3% and 5% of the coarse aggregate volume were prepared. Compressive strength and permeability were evaluated at 28 days. Results show that recycled plastic reduces compressive strength while increasing permeability.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Permeable concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: Recycled plastic
  topic: keywords
subject: Compressive strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Permeability
  topic: keywords
subject: Coarse aggregate
  topic: keywords
creator: Darwing Manuel Torres Rubio
creator: Eddisson Francisco Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Darwing Manuel Torres Rubio, Eddisson Francisco Hernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/ep33y850

Use of pumice stone to elaborate ultra-lightweight concrete with controlled low strength
type: item
description: This paper presents the results of premixed lightweight concrete mixtures using pumice stone as an alternative for the construction industry in Nicaragua. These special concretes generally use expanded vermiculite as a raw material. However, due to the difficulty in acquiring it on the local market, the use of pumice stone as an alternative material is proposed. The pumice was characterized and the maximum nominal aggregate size was determined, considering the final thickness of the slab. HE cements, drinking water, fine pumice aggregate, and industrial sand (zero material) were used. A liquid additive was used as a foaming agent to increase the presence of air and reduce density, a type D additive was used as a concrete setting controller, and a type F additive was used as a high-range water reducer. The results obtained show that the combination and proportion of the materials produced fresh concrete that could be placed with a telescopic pump and had mechanical properties in the hardened state in accordance with the design requirements.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Vermiculite
  topic: keywords
subject: ready-mix concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: pumice
  topic: keywords
subject: foaming agent
  topic: keywords
subject: concrete setting controller
  topic: keywords
creator: Eveling Valeska Vanegas Narváez
creator: Ángel José Rodríguez Palacios
creator: Eddisson Francisco Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eveling Valeska Vanegas Narváez, Ángel José Rodríguez Palacios, Eddisson Francisco Hernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/7p7qdm35

Evaluation of the pozzolanic activity index of glass powder in mortars
type: item
description: Crushed recycled glass can be used as a pozzolanic material in concrete mixtures to achieve good mechanical performance and durability while simultaneously reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. This study evaluated the effect of crushed glass as a pozzolanic material and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an alkaline activator in mortar mixtures. The consistency and compressive strength behavior of the mortar mixes was analyzed. In the fresh mortar evaluation phase, it was observed that adding 5 % crushed glass increased the flow compared to the control sample. However, when the content was increased to 10 % and 15 %, workability decreased, especially when NaOH was incorporated. This behavior differs from previous studies, which reported that crushed glass improves the workability of mortar or concrete. Regarding compressive strength at 14 days, the results showed that, in all cases, the pozzolanic activity index (PAI) was equal to or greater than 75 % compared to the control sample, meeting the requirements of ASTM C1866/C1866M-20. The mixtures that were not activated with NaOH showed a decrease in PAI as the glass content increased, highlighting the importance of the activator in the pozzolanic reaction at early ages. The mixtures with 4 % NaOH achieved the highest compressive strengths and exhibited lower sensitivity to the glass content.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Activated glass
  topic: keywords
subject: pozzolanic reaction
  topic: keywords
subject: durability
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrated calcium silicate
  topic: keywords
subject: portlandite
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis López Poveda
creator: Eddisson Francisco Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luis López Poveda, Eddisson Francisco Hernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/ham24780

Evaluation of the Properties of Concrete Containing Pumice as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate
type: item
description: This study presents the results of the compressive strength of concrete mixes containing pumice as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate, to determine its technical feasibility for structural applications. Concrete mixes were prepared with 20 % and 30 % replacement of coarse aggregate by pumice. The absorption, density, and compressive strength at 28 days of age were determined. The results show that pumice reduces the workability, density, and compressive strength of concrete compared to the control.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: pumice
  topic: keywords
subject: compressive strength
  topic: keywords
subject: coarse aggregate
  topic: keywords
creator: Eddisson Francisco Hernández
creator: Marcos Antonio González Delgado
creator: Azuca Akico Fukushima Chavarría
creator: Juan Carlos Mejía Murillo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eddisson Francisco Hernández, Marcos Antonio González Delgado, Azuca Akico Fukushima Chavarría, Juan Carlos Mejía Murillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/wyn2k264

Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of hydraulic concrete mixtures, using sugarcane molasses as a retarding additive
type: item
description: This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the effect of sugarcane molasses at different concentrations, as an alternative and sustainable additive, in hydraulic concrete mixtures. The setting time in cement pastes and the compressive strength of the concrete were determined at different test ages. The results show that the concentration of sugarcane molasses in the mixtures affects the setting times and compressive strength.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Sugar cane molasses
  topic: keywords
subject: additives
  topic: keywords
subject: settings tims
  topic: keywords
subject: hydraulic concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: compressive strength
  topic: keywords
creator: Karen Magaly Ruíz González
creator: Eddisson Francisco Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karen Magaly Ruíz González, Eddisson Francisco Hernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.62407/hsm2ba02

Editorial Note of issue 3
type: item
description: This editorial brings together five interdisciplinary contributions addressing diverse topics in history, architecture, engineering, and technology. Through studies on the city of Granada in the 18th century, architectural analysis levels, the influence of soil on the seismic performance of structures, the effects of cactus mucilage on steel corrosion, and the impact of analytics and big data on supply chains, it highlights the connection between technical, social, and sustainable aspects in academic research. These works underscore the value of a comprehensive approach to understanding and solving contemporary problems from multiple perspectives.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Urban history
  topic: keywords
subject: architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: seismic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: steel corrosion
  topic: keywords
subject: big data
  topic: keywords
subject: analitycs
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Reynalicia Rothschuh-Dávila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-10
publication date: 2025-02-10
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v3i3.159

Unlocking Value: How Analytics and Big Data Strengthen the Supply Chain
type: item
description: Analytics and big data are essential tools for supply chains in today’s environment, where quality data is indispensable. Through its stages, analytics provides a comprehensive approach to optimizing the supply chain: with descriptive analytics, companies can discover what is happening in the supply chain, obtaining appropriate visualizations to make data-driven decisions; diagnostic analytics investigates why something has happened, identifying the root cause of problems and uncovering opportunities for improvement; predictive analytics is key to supporting the future of the supply chain by determining “what will happen”; and prescriptive analytics provides optimal solutions to integrate into the chain to maximize its surplus and support strategic alignment. This essay addresses the value that analytics and big data bring to supply chains, exploring the analytical perspective through the SCOR model (Supply Chain Operations Reference), data quality and visualization, and their successful application for hyperpersonalizing the customer experience and the sustainable transformation of supply chains. The cases of Amazon, Coda Coffee, and Bext360 are used as examples of the proper use of analytics supported by technology such as machine vision, sensors, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. In this way, analytics is presented as an indispensable resource in a complex business environment, translating data into informed decisions, revolutionizing traditional practices, and shaping a sustainable future.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: supply chain
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Transformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Patricia Marie Suárez Alemán
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-11
publication date: 2025-02-11
starting page: 66
ending page: 76
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v3i3.158

Effect of the Viscosity of Nopal Mucilage and Brown Algae Extract on the Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel
type: item
description: his paper presents the results of the effect of the viscosity of nopal mucilage and brown algae extract on the corrosion process of reinforcing steel. Six solutions of natural and commercial additives were prepared at different concentrations. Cement pastes containing organic additions were made with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.60. Concrete prisms containing steel rebar were fabricated and subjected to contamination with NaCl (3.5%). Rheological measurements were taken of the prepared organic solutions and pore solutions extracted from hardened cement pastes. Half-cell potential and linear polarization resistance measurements were performed at different ages. The results show that the viscosity of the solutions increases with the concentration of the additives. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that the organic additions increase the corrosion rate of the steel compared to the commercial additives, due to their retarding effect on the cement hydration process and the concentration of NaCl used.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Viscosity
  topic: keywords
subject: Nopal mucilage
  topic: keywords
subject: Brown algae extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Corrosion
  topic: keywords
subject: Reinforcing steel
  topic: keywords
creator: Eddisson Francisco Hernández
creator: Prisciliano Felipe de Jesús Cano Barrita
creator: Andrés Antonio Torres-Acosta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-11
publication date: 2025-02-11
starting page: 60
ending page: 65
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v3i3.157

Influence of a Rocky Soil on the Seismic Performance Level of a Steel Structure Considering the National Construction Code and the Seismic Design Code for the City of Managua
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to determine the seismic performance level of a two-story steel frame, taking into account the definition of rocky soil suggested by the National Construction Code and the Seismic Design Code for the city of Managua. The Capacity Spectrum Method is used to determine seismic performance. This method, which is based on spectral parameters such as displacement and acceleration, overlays the capacity curve of the structure and the seismic demand. The construction of the capacity curve is based on the mechanical properties of the materials used and the cross-sectional areas of the structural elements. On the other hand, the seismic demand curve is constructed using the National Construction Code (RNC-07) and the Seismic Design Code for the city of Managua (NSCM), considering data such as ground acceleration and soil type. The influence of the latter is the focus of this study, as the NSCM proposes spectral adjustment factors based on soil type, meaning that the amplitude of the region corresponding to constant spectral accelerations decreases as soil stiffness increases. This adjustment did not exist in the RNC-07, where the amplitude of this region remained constant between 0.1 s and 0.6 s. Finally, the seismic performance level is determined considering the limits established in Vision 2000: A Framework for Performance-Based Structural Engineering (SEAOC, 1995).
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: rigid soil
  topic: keywords
subject: seismic performance level
  topic: keywords
subject: capacity spectrum method
  topic: keywords
creator: Saúl Pérez
creator: Abigahil Sequeira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-11
publication date: 2025-02-11
starting page: 49
ending page: 59
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v3i3.155

Thinking about Architecture from its Three Levels of Analysis and Formation: The Constructive, the Social (Urban), and the Aesthetic (Design)
type: item
description: This essay aims to explore the relationship between architecture and its various approaches, both in its sociological, historical, and theoretical analysis and in its practical realization—urban, architectural, constructive, and aesthetic (design). It seeks to demonstrate how these aspects are interconnected, providing a better understanding for students in their process of reflection and education, for instructors in presenting architectural phenomena as a global concept in the classroom, and for architects in contemplating their material and subject within their daily intellectual practice.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: Desing
  topic: keywords
subject: architectural construction
  topic: keywords
subject: history
  topic: keywords
subject: theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Norbert Bertrand Barbe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-11
publication date: 2025-02-11
starting page: 35
ending page: 48
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v3i3.153

The City of Granada, in the Province of Nicaragua, in the 18th Century, According to the Apostolic Visit of Morel de Santa Cruz.
type: item
description: Since its founding in 1524, Granada has been considered one of the most important cities in the former Province of Nicaragua. Its location, abundant cultural and natural resources, and a multitude of events have shaped its mark in national history. The historical document of the apostolic visit by Bishop Pedro Agustín Morel de Santa Cruz, carried out between 1751 and 1752, is a valuable and unique source due to the extensive coverage of statistical, geographical, environmental, and typological-constructive data, among others. The analysis of the prelate’s report, along with other sources of information, allowed for the interpretation of the social, political, and economic landscape of this hegemonic city, which commemorates its five hundred years of foundation, just like its counterpart León de Imabite (León Viejo). Urbanistically, Granada follows a checkerboard layout adapted to the characteristics of its natural environment. A road axis running east-west, known as Calle Jalteva, directed its urban development and connected the peninsula core with the Jalteva neighborhood. The city had seven churches, convent complexes, and seven hundred families distributed in more than six hundred houses built with adobe and wooden framework, covered with baked clay tiles or straw. Its economy was partly supported by agriculture and livestock, with connections to nearby cities, towns, and villages in the province, as well as to Guatemala. Finally, it is hoped that this work will serve as a reference for the development of future systematic research on our cities, and even on our disappeared towns, as a means of safeguarding our identity.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: apostolic visit
  topic: keywords
subject: city
  topic: keywords
subject: Granada-Nicaragua
  topic: keywords
subject: 18th century
  topic: keywords
subject: colonial era
  topic: keywords
creator: Alicia Auxiliadora Estrada Castillo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-10
publication date: 2025-02-10
starting page: 5
ending page: 34
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v3i3.152

Rural development strategy to transform a forest village into an ecotourism destination. The road signage experience in San José de Cusmapa, Nicaragua
type: item
description: San José de Cusmapa, located in northern Nicaragua, is one of the poorest municipalities in the country. Situated at an altitude of 1,280 meters above sea level and covering a land area of 129.92 km², this municipality has a population of 7,983 residents, divided into urban (1,862) and rural (6,121) areas, according to INTUR (2023) data from the Tourism Map of Nicaragua. Positioned amidst natural reserves, San José de Cusmapa holds significant potential for developing ecotourism as a remedy for the prevailing local poverty. This article outlines the methodology used to mark and map trails (both on signs and online) as a fundamental component for any ecotourism proposal or plan. The objective of this work is to propose this methodology for any ecotourism project based on hiking trails in a simple, cost-effective, comprehensive, participatory, and replicable manner. The authors conclude that by combining this methodology with the two internet platforms they have: LandsCare was created in order to facilitate the conversion of poor mountain villages into ecotourism territories, and with Google Earth, it is very feasible and inexpensive to transform a forest village into an ecotourism one.
subject: Project Review
  topic: section
subject: Ecotourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Google Earth
  topic: keywords
subject: Lands-Care platform
  topic: keywords
subject: Signaling Of Paths
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecotourism Plan
  topic: keywords
creator: Pablo Martínez de Anguita
creator: César David Gadea Herrera
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-17
publication date: 2024-04-17
starting page: 109
ending page: 116
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v2i2.106

City and Music: how the Music Scene influences the City
type: item
description: Music manifests itself more tangibly in the city through the music scene that takes place, in the neighborhoods; where an art district has settled, that is, where a music scene has been formed and consolidated over time and through different social and urban phenomena, it is in this way that the dialectical process between music and the city goes conditioning a physical dimension in the neighborhoods where this process occurs, and in turn, this social and spatial dynamic also influences the music scene. Through this essay we introduce some of the variables that define what a music scene is and how it is presented in the city through the art districts, in the same way, we expose the case of Greenwich Village which is one of the main art districts of New York, where a music scene has been established; of jazz specifically, to later describe how this music scene has influenced this neighborhood, to later conclude the relationship between music and the city through the music scenes in the art districts.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: Music
  topic: keywords
subject: Musical
  topic: keywords
subject: Music Scene
  topic: keywords
subject: Art district
  topic: keywords
subject: Neighborhood
  topic: keywords
subject: City
  topic: keywords
creator: José Miguel Soto-Parra
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-17
publication date: 2024-04-17
starting page: 99
ending page: 107
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v2i2.105

Steps towards a democratic urban planning for San Salvador Metropolitan Area, El Salvador
type: item
description: With more than 60% of the metropolitan population vulnerable to various aspects of precariousness and unsatisfied basic needs, and on the brink of an imminent change of the political-administrative term that constitutes the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador, a strategic conjuncture is articulated to reflect on how the processes of social participation can generate a comprehensive and democratic response to traditional urban planning. This essay aims to generate an analysis of the benefits and feasibility for the urban planning technical staff of working together with civil society to generate more horizontal proposals, as well as to review current planning instruments and real estate market situations to identify the relationships and opportunities that may arise in this context. In addition, a proposal of basic guidelines is presented to articulate income methodologies and work with the communities, based on the principle of enhancing their skills and acknowledging local knowledge as well as generating empathy with the population to understand the roots of their place attachment; These guidelines are based on previous experiences and success stories in which citizen participation has allowed the foundation, continuity, and permanence of neighborhood improvement projects in informal settlements and degraded urban areas. The writing ends with recommendations outside of these processes that are considered of great importance to make the process viable, considering issues such as financing, stakeholder management, public policies, and the construction of attractive scenarios for urban development.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: Habitat
  topic: keywords
subject: urban planning
  topic: keywords
subject: participatory methods
  topic: keywords
subject: social management
  topic: keywords
subject: public policies
  topic: keywords
creator: Edgar Alexander Renderos-Pineda
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-17
publication date: 2024-04-17
starting page: 81
ending page: 98
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v2i2.104

The figurative procedure, a resource that introduces the student to the solution of the form, analyzed from the academic results
type: item
description: This essay exposes and systematizes the experience of the didactic application of figurative procedures as resources of stimulation in the exploration of the three-dimensional configuration of the architectural object (OA). This process occurs during the prefiguration phase of the architectural design method. Marin (1989) in her thesis explains that it is in the procedures where the method is concretized and applying them is when form and content converge; making clear, in addition, the difference between the first configurative proposal, as a product of the application of figurative procedures, and the final configuration, as a result of the method. This implies that other methodical resources lead to the perfection of the first proposal until reaching the final architectural object. The figurative procedures are then the guideline in the search for the three-dimensional configuration of the architectural object. The essay details and explains the structure of the design exercise; emphasizing the methodological moment where the student determines the figurative procedure. The results show how this resource facilitates the student to generate a design solution at an abstract level that responds to a character or a function; recognizing that, using different procedures or combining them, it is possible to generate more than one design solution, which, at this level, resolves from the formal, the content or character of the architectural object, guaranteeing its beauty. The analyzed results correspond to the two and three-dimensional abstract architectural models presented by architecture students in their initial learning stage; specifically, the first six places awarded in the competition for the best architectural and urban design projects that took place at the end of the first semester of 2023 at Universidad Americana, UAM Managua, Nicaragua.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: method
  topic: keywords
subject: figurative procedure
  topic: keywords
subject: desing
  topic: keywords
subject: architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching
  topic: keywords
creator: Reynalicia Rothschuh Dávila
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-17
publication date: 2024-04-17
starting page: 55
ending page: 80
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v2i2.103

Comparison of the Repetition, Magnitude, and Persistence curve of a hydrometeorological station with the global climatic database from WorldClim
type: item
description: The purpose of this article is to develop a methodology that leads to a comparison for the generation of Repetition, Magnitude, and Persistence curves, starting from the Gumbel expression. Precipitation data from the Managua Airport Station, Nicaragua, and global data from WorldClim were retrieved. Subsequently, the methodology was implemented with the potential regression model, and finally, the importance of Repetition, Magnitude, and Persistence curves was assessed. It was noted that the continuity of results for both databases is well-defined from the persistence of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years, with a repetition from 5 to 60 minutes at intervals of 5 minutes, the shape of the graphs is a potential regression parabola. This indicates that the database generated from WorldClim global data can be used in hydraulic studies when precipitation data is lacking. The importance of generating Repetition, Magnitude, and Persistence (RPM) curves lies in their utility in hydrology to characterize rainfall Magnitude based on Repetition and Persistence. It is emphasized that these curves are crucial in water resources planning and for the application of road hydrotechnics.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Gumbel
  topic: keywords
subject: Magnitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Repetition
  topic: keywords
subject: Persistence
  topic: keywords
creator: Victor Rogelio Tirado Picado
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Victor Rogelio Tirado Picado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-17
publication date: 2024-04-17
starting page: 39
ending page: 54
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v2i2.102

Analytical models for the in-plane shear behavior of confined masonry walls with aspect ratios greater than one subjected to lateral loads
type: item
description: Many analytical models have been proposed to predict the shear capacity of confined masonry walls, but they have been formulated from experimental tests of walls with a unit aspect ratio (h/L = 1). This study determines the in-plane shear behavior of confined masonry walls with aspect ratios greater than one (h/L > 1) subjected to lateral loads modeled with the modified wide column methodology using two analytical models. Experimental results found in the literature were used to validate these analytical models. The experimental tests deal with isolated confined masonry walls, with different aspect ratios, subjected to gravitational loads and monotonic lateral loads. The shear-distortion curves of the experimental tests and the analytical results were compared and a good correlation was obtained in the elastic range, which is a priority for the structural design phase.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: In-plane share
  topic: keywords
subject: aspect ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: monotonic lateral load
  topic: keywords
subject: plastic hinges
  topic: keywords
subject: confined masonry
  topic: keywords
creator: Saúl Pérez
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-17
publication date: 2024-04-17
starting page: 27
ending page: 38
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v2i2.100

Inventory of the Urban Green Spaces Subsystem in the City of Managua, Nicaragua
type: item
description: The research work considers the inventory as an effective tool to register the urban green spaces of Managua and has the objective of establishing an updated cartography of the parquet of the pieces that make up the EVU subsystem. The investigation establishes a database that collects the characteristics of urban greens, such as name, location, surface, size and shape. Preparing the list through documentary consultations, interviews and field visits made it possible to update the record of the existing gardens by 2022, check the physical condition and quantify the urban indices and contrast with Nicaraguan and international standards that allow measuring the quality of urban life. Recording and comparing the parameters that define this urban morphology constitutes an urgent task to develop improvement strategies. The classification opens levels of exploration that make possible the morphological study to understand the urban layout that affects the pedestrian space and the recreation, leisure and environmental recovery functions of urban areas.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Urban green space
  topic: keywords
subject: urban park
  topic: keywords
subject: registration
  topic: keywords
subject: inventory and classification
  topic: keywords
creator: Napoléon Guerrero Flores
creator: Bielka María Barrera-Ríos
creator: Milex Alberto Bello-Espinoza
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-04-17
publication date: 2024-04-17
starting page: 3
ending page: 25
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v2i2.98

Implementation of a basic architectural design methodology in the initial stage of the architecture student learning process at “Universidad Americana - UAM”, 2021-2022.
type: item
description: Aimed at developing a philosophy, theory, and method of design, we present this essay that gathers the experience and results of the implementation of a basic methodology in the initial teaching stages of architecture, and that refers to the practical outcome of the students of the first year of the architecture course at ¨Universidad Americana UAM¨, Nicaragua. The study addresses the projects presented during the second semester of 2021 and the first semester of 2022 and includes only the projects that were awarded the first three places in the semester academic contest. The main purpose of this article is to present a methodological perspective of the development of academic projects in the initial subjects included in the discipline of Basic Architectural Design, which synthesizes the learning of concepts, formal and essential properties, and principles of architectural composition; related to the application of the principles of spatial organization and structural relations: geometric, dimensional and tensional; applying a figurative procedure and a basic design method. The students used orthogonal projections (frontal, lateral, and top views) to create and execute the volumetric composition didactically denominated as the “Three-dimensional Abstract Architectural Model” (MAAT) 1. In addition, the cognitive and practical applicative growth of the students is evidenced in this work, developing the elements to manage a philosophy and a theory of their own at this stage of the learning process, through the application of an architectural design method. The results shown are considered satisfactory, from the genesis and development of the projects and achieving elements for the appropriation of a personalized project style.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: architectural composition
  topic: keywords
subject: design method
  topic: keywords
subject: architectural object
  topic: keywords
subject: architectural prefiguration
  topic: keywords
subject: figurative procedure
  topic: keywords
subject: architectural design education
  topic: keywords
creator: Reynalicia Rothschuh Dávila
creator: Napoléon Guerrero Flores
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-05-10
publication date: 2023-05-10
starting page: 55
ending page: 76
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v1i1.36

La abstracción como un instrumento del método de diseño para definir al objeto arquitectónico durante la etapa inicial del proceso de aprendizaje y enseñanza del estudiante de arquitectura
type: item
description: Desde mi reciente experiencia en la enseñanza del diseño arquitectónico, escribo sobre la innegable efectividad de mostrar y enseñar al neófito sobre la abstracción del objeto arquitectónico. Entonces, ¿qué tan importante es enseñar al estudiante en su primer año de la carrera de arquitectura a dominar el arte de la abstracción del objeto arquitectónico? Entiéndase este como la expresión final del ejercicio compositivo, que abre las puertas, o mejor aún, que es la llave o la clave del conocimiento para dominar esa primera etapa que enfrenta el futuro arquitecto al momento de crear un objeto tridimensional que responda a las necesidades del usuario, que se integre al entorno y que además se pueda geometrizar y por ende construir. No es en vano la frase “la arquitectura es el arte de construir”. Así mismo, este viaje cognoscitivo entrena al estudiante a desempeñarse en el arte de analizar y reflexionar sobre lo construido. Su importancia va más allá cuando el estudiante comprende que se trata al final de la prefiguración o preforma arquitectónica, evitando caer en una expresión formal caricaturesca al concretar la función para la cual ha sido creado el objeto. Los resultados a lo largo de los recientes años han sido impresionantes al observar la génesis y el desarrollo de los estudiantes de arquitectura en el arte de diseñar y componer, además de dominar conceptos que les permitieron crecer en su expresión oral y escrita e ir perfilando su propia filosofía y/o estilo.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: abstracción
  topic: keywords
subject: método de diseño
  topic: keywords
subject: objeto arquitectónico
  topic: keywords
subject: prefiguración arquitectónica
  topic: keywords
subject: proceso figurativo
  topic: keywords
subject: diseño arquitectónico
  topic: keywords
subject: enseñanza del diseño arquitectónico
  topic: keywords
subject: arquitectura
  topic: keywords
creator: Reynalicia Rothschuh Dávila
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Reynalicia Rothschuh Dávila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-05-10
publication date: 2023-05-10
starting page: 45
ending page: 53
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v1i1.34

Importance of multiple intelligences in learners: A proposal for the identification of Nicaraguan models according to Gardner’s parameters
type: item
description: Learning is best when educational processes are accompanied by emotions, motivation, and interests, according to individual abilities. Gardner’s contributions to the multiple intelligences, theory support that student-tiered learning is the best path to full and happy development. Educational innovation that incorporates new approaches can help improve the quality of education in Nicaragua. However, when they originate from other realities, they can be distant and difficult to assimilate for local participants. The purpose of this paper is to present models of multiple intelligence, that teachers and students alike can recognize as part of their past and present environment, with which they can identify and adopt as worthy examples of being emulated, thus, they feel accessible, palpable, real and credible, being all Nicaraguan characters. Sixteen models are proposed, one per gender, male and female, for each of the eight intelligences suggested by Gardner. Existential intelligence, which is in the process of being confirmed by the author, is also included. It is a subjective selection of the authors that considers the national and international recognition of the scientific, cultural, or sports contributions, among others, of the proposed personalities. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, exemplified through Nicaraguan models, presents the opportunity for teachers to understand the different combinations of intelligence of their students, to prepare themselves with alternative tools that facilitate the educational management of each individual’s learning.
subject: Essays
  topic: section
subject: Inteligencias múltiples
  topic: keywords
subject: innovación educativa
  topic: keywords
subject: formación docente
  topic: keywords
creator: Tamara Pereira-Martín
creator: Tirso Celedón-Lacayo
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 ournal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-05-10
publication date: 2023-05-10
starting page: 33
ending page: 43
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v1i1.33

Environmental sensitivity indexes to oil (hydrocarbon) spills at sea, Central Pacific of Costa Rica
type: item
description: This article documents the application of the methodology of coastal environmental sensitivity indexes to a hydrocarbon spill, proposed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2002), making an adjustment of the defined parameters, and thus, applying it to the coastal area of the Central Pacific of Costa Rica, in addition to making an approach and methodological proposal for its offshore zone taking into account the territorial sea, up to 12 nautical miles, calling them marine sensitivity indexes. These environmental sensitivity indexes (ISA) were proposed as a tool to respond to hydrocarbon spills, since all the places where oil activity exists, from extraction, transportation, loading and unloading in ports and docks, can have a large probability of generating environmental and socioeconomic damage, due to leaks in the areas where they are located by accidents, bad infrastructure or human errors. Specifically for the Central American region, there have been some oil spills in recent years, since the crude oil is manipulated, causing a detriment and affectation in the areas already mentioned. It should be noted that Central America currently lacks consolidated tools to identify the areas of greatest vulnerability to these accidents. It is for all this, that the present work was considered to elaborate coastal and marine ISAs, turning them into an online tool, which represents the base information for the development of a strategic plan, and with which it is intended to facilitate urgent decision making in the case of an eventual spill of hydrocarbons, minimizing the environmental and socioeconomic impacts.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Productive activities
  topic: keywords
subject: oil/hydrocarbon spills
  topic: keywords
subject: ecosystems
  topic: keywords
subject: enviromental sensitivity indexes
  topic: keywords
subject: SIG
  topic: keywords
creator: Juliana Galeano
creator: Pedro Rodríguez
creator: Jorge Cortés
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Engineering and Architecture Science_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-05-10
publication date: 2023-05-10
starting page: 17
ending page: 31
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v1i1.32

https://portalderevistas.uam.edu.ni/index.php/iyA/en/article/view/31
type: item
title: Analysis of the projection of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index with precipitation and temperature in Nicaragua, through a progressive standard model, which guarantees decision making in very critical weather scenarios
description: The importance of precipitation and temperature forecast models is essential, as they allow for the analysis of adverse scenarios that may impact agriculture during both dry and rainy seasons. These indicators are used for decision-making with the aim of minimizing the negative impacts of human activities on nature. In this context, a Progressive Standard Model (PSM) is presented to help understand the relationship between the atmospheric index of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and precipitation variability in Nicaragua. The NAO index, precipitation, and temperature display linear and polynomial trends, with correlations of 0.96, 0.97, and 0.93, respectively, for the factors studied. This enables the projection of trends for the next five years using the PSM method. Therefore, this research focuses on forecasting negative scenarios to propose strategies that strengthen risk management and assist decision-makers in harmonizing climate variability.
subject: Scientific journal
  topic: section
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: progressive models
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: atmospheric index
  topic: keywords
creator: Victor Rogelio Tirado Picado
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal of Engineering and Architecture_iyA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-05-10
publication date: 2023-05-10
starting page: 3
ending page: 15
doi: 10.62407/rciya.v1i1.31